The cowboy hat is recognized
around the world as a symbol of the American West. Vaqueros and Texans wore
broad-brimmed felt hats long before John B. Stetson made his first trip to
Colorado. The Spanish influence was so pervasive in the West that mail order catalogs, as late as 1900, still referred
to the hat of the "cow boy" as a sombrero. Felt hats were, and still are, made from the
fine hair of beaver, rabbit, and other small mammals to withstand the elements.
The processed hair is compressed into felt and emerges as a cone-shaped hat
body. Hat makers use steam to mold the hat body over a form or hat block. Early
hats came in black and natural-fur colors, with white and color-dyed selections
appearing on the market after 1920.
It is not clear when the
cowboy hat began to be named as such. Westerners originally had no standard
headwear. People moving West wore many styles of hat, including top hats,
derbies, remains of Civil War headgear, sailor hats and everything else.
Credit for the American
cowboy hat as it is known today is generally given to John Batterson Stetson. His
family had manufactured hats in New Jersey since 1790, but when John Stetson
established his shop in Philadelphia in 1865, he had his eyes on the West.
Cattlemen needed hats that would protect them from the elements and not fall
apart. Stetson supplied quality felt hats in popular styles. Though other hats
were available in the West, Stetson was the largest producer and a genius at creating and marketing
what became known as the “Boss of the Plains.”
Thanks to its durability, the
hat was ideal for the demands of the working Westerner and became incredibly
popular. The charisma of the West was
carried back East when adventurers returned in the expensive “Boss of the
plains” style hat. In the 19th century
and first half of the 20th century, a hat was an indispensable item in every
man’s wardrobe. Stetson focused on expensive, high-quality hats that
represented both a real investment for the working cowboy and statement of
success for the city dweller.
Some cowboy hats have been
called "ten-gallon" hats. The term came into use about 1925. There
are multiple theories for how the concept arose.
One theory is that the term
"ten-gallon" is a corruption of the Spanish modifier tan galán, which
loosely translates as "really handsome" or "so fine". For
example, un sombrero tan galán translates as "such a fine hat".
Another theory is that the
term "ten-gallon" is a corruption of the Spanish term galón, which
means "galloon", a type of narrow braided trimming around the crown,
possibly a style adapted by Spanish cowboys. When Texas cowboys misunderstood
the word galón for "gallon", the popular, though incorrect, legend
may have been born. According to Reynolds and Rand, "The term ten-gallon
did not originally refer to the holding capacity of the hat, but to the width
of a Mexican sombrero hatband, and is more closely related to this unit of
measurement by the Spanish than to the water-holding capacity of a Stetson.”
Stetson Hat Company boasted
that the tight weave of most Stetsons hats made them sufficiently waterproof to
be used as a bucket. Early print advertising by Stetson showed a cowboy giving
his horse a drink of water from a hat. However, even the Stetson Company notes that a
"ten-gallon" hat holds only 3 quarts.
The durability and
water-resistance of the original Stetson obtained additional publicity in 1912,
when the battleship USS Maine was raised from Havana harbor, where it had sunk
in 1898. A Stetson hat was found in the wreck, which had been submerged in
seawater for 14 years. The hat had been exposed to ooze, mud, and plant growth.
However, the hat was cleaned off, and appeared to be undamaged.
The first American
law-enforcement agency to adopt Stetson’s western hat as part of their uniform
was the Texas Rangers. A Stetson-based design is also part of the ceremonial
uniform of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Presidents Harry Truman, Dwight Eisenhower,
Lyndon B Johnson, Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush wore cowboy hats manufactured
by Stetson.
Creases in cowboy hats are
used to give hats individual character and to help users identify with a
particular subculture. Creases and dents make it easier to don or remove the
hat by grasping it by the crown rather than the brim. A very popular crease
used on modern cowboy hats is the Cattlemen. It is creased straight down the
center of the crown with a dent on each side. Returning in popularity is the
Carlsbad crease, now often called a "Gus crease" after the character
Gus McCrae in Lonesome Dove. It maintains a high crown at the back with the
crease sloping steeply toward the front. The rodeo crease, the bullrider's
crease (Formerly called the RCA crease, for the Professional Rodeo Cowboys
Association), the quarter horse crease, and the “tycoon", with a pinched
front, are also seen today.
Over time, the cowboy hat
underwent changes in shape to better suit the needs of its owner and evolved
into the form we are more familiar with today. The brim curved up on the sides
to stay out of the way of a lasso, and the crown became pinched to allow better
control. Often a more decorative hat
band is added. In some places, “stampede
strings” or wind strings” are also attached.
Today the cowboy hat has become as much a part
of fashion as it is function. Adorned by cowboys, cowgirls, rodeo athletes,
musicians and movie stars alike, the cowboy hat is a truly traditional item of
the West.
So Sweethearts, knowing many
of us have pictured our handsome heroes in our books tipping their cowboy hats
to the ladies as they passed by, I’ll conclude this post with the rules John B.
Stetson Hat Company dictated when a gentleman should tip his hat and when he
should remove it.
Tip your hat:
If a woman thanks you
After receiving directions from a
stranger
If you excuse yourself to a woman
When walking with a companion and he
greets a woman not of your acquaintance
Remove your hat:
During the playing of the National Anthem
Upon entering a building
During an introduction
When attending a funeral
When initiating a conversation
Sources:
Wikipedia
Cowboymuseum.org
Stetsonhat.com
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