Friday, June 12, 2015

Recipe for a Range War: Add Sheep and Stir


http://kathleenriceadams.com/

Texans are resilient. They defeated the Mexicans—twice—took a beating during the Civil War and Reconstruction, and then chased the Comanche clean out of the state and into Oklahoma. All of those events were watershed moments in Texas history.

Sheep Raid in Colorado (Harper’s Weekly, Oct. 1877)
And so was the day they came.

Sheep. Hundreds of thousands of them, munching their way across the land like wooly locusts. The sight of a single woolyback could boil a cattleman’s blood. The critters trampled the range, close-cropped the forage, and left behind an odor neither cattle nor man could abide. They also carried a type of mange called sheep scab to which cattle were susceptible.

As if all of that weren’t enough, pastores herded on foot, not horseback. Horses were a status symbol in the Old West. Cowboys figuratively and literally “looked down on” mutton-punchers.

Sheep are not native to Texas, although they’ve been in the state since padres brought Spanish transplants with them in the 1700s. The animals provided both food and clothing, so no mission was without a flock.

The Plains Herder, NC Wyeth, 1909
In 1800, 5,000 head of sheep lived along the Rio Grande in far south Texas. By 1870, 700,000 woolies had moved in, primarily with Germans and other Europeans who immigrated to central and western Texas. By 1890, the state was home to 3.5 million of the critters. Of the 30 million sheep in the U.S. in the middle of the twentieth century, one-third were in Texas. At that time, the state produced 95 percent of the country’s merino wool.

Due to market fluctuations, drought, and some disastrous government programs, in 2012 the entire ovine population of the U.S. stood at only 5.345 million; 650,000 of those, still the largest bunch by more than 100,000 animals, were in Texas. To this day, mutton, lamb, and wool make a significant contribution to Texas’s economy.

Ranchers in the mid- to late-1800s never would have believed such a thing possible. In fact, they went to great lengths to prevent the possibility. The notorious clashes between sheepmen and cattlemen that scarred the entire West began on Charles Goodnight’s ranch in Texas. Between 1875 and 1920, one hundred twenty serious confrontations occurred in Texas, Arizona, Wyoming, and Colorado. Across the four states, at least fifty-four men died and 100,000 sheep were slaughtered.

Real and imagined problems led to the sheep wars. Texas cattlemen already were becoming testy with one another over grazing and water rights. Add sheep—which, as a means of finding other flock members, spray the ground with a noxious scent excreted by a gland above their hooves—and the range got a little smaller. Add sheep drifters who grazed their flocks on other folks’ land or public property because they owned no territory of their own, and the situation became volatile. Add barbed-wire fence…and everything exploded.

Texas Merino Sheep, courtesy Fir0002/Flagstaffotos
The Texas legislature outlawed grazing sheep on cattle range without permission and on public land at all. Cattle and horses faced no such restrictions. Consequently, sheepmen were among the first to throw up fences in order to keep their flocks in and other animals out. Sheep fences lit one of the first matches in what became the Texas Fence-Cutter War, which blazed across more than half the state from the mid-1870s through 1884. The cattlemen erected their own fences, and soon everyone was at someone else’s throat. The fence war died down, for the most part, when the legislature criminalized fence-cutting in 1884.

Soon thereafter, cattlemen were shocked—and somewhat relieved—to discover good fences make good neighbors. They also discovered mutton and wool sold even when a mysterious disease known as Texas Fever made driving cattle to the railheads in other states well-nigh impossible.

Today, many Texas ranches run sheep right along with their cattle, and all the critters get along just fine on the same range.

Of course, had stubborn Texans on both sides of the fence paid attention to the native Indians who’d been running cattle and sheep together for a hundred years before the trouble started, they might have spared themselves considerable aggravation.


 A Texan to the bone, Kathleen Rice Adams spends her days chasing news stories and her nights and weekends shooting it out with Wild West desperados. Leave the upstanding, law-abiding heroes to other folks. In Kathleen’s stories, even the good guys wear black hats.

Visit her home on the range at KathleenRiceAdams.com.

Wednesday, June 10, 2015



Hi, everyone,
I hope you'll forgive me. I'm reposting an old post today due to limited internet access and my forgetful self. This article is still relevant, however, because every time a new book is thought about, we have to decide where to place the characters. My newest soon-to-be-released book and a blurb will follow at the end.

Finding a location in which to plop our characters has tremendous bearing on the story, but can be a bit of a dilemma for the author. Several elements come into play and must be considered. For instance what is the time period? Is the story a historical, contemporary, or futuristic? Is the story a time travel or paranormal?

I decided early on that all my stories would take place in my native state of Texas. This worked for me because first and foremost I'm comfortable writing about Texas and would need little additional research. Next, the state has any terrain I might need for any time period and with its multiple areas to choose from, each story can be unique unto itself.

When it came time to choose an area in which to base my Texas Code Series, the natural choice for me was right here in North Central Texas. The history of the Bennings and McTiernans started back in 1859 when Ian Benning and Dermot McTiernan came from Ireland with its political unrest to start their lives anew in Texas with the land grant amended in 1850. The Texas Emigration and Land Company offered 160 acres to single men, plus a free cabin, seed, and musket balls.



North Central Texas Land - Peters Colony




The two men received their land located north of Dallas in the originally named Peters Colony. Each generation will have a chance to tell their stories in and around the fictitious town of McTiernan, along with the ever changing landscape that will either be a blessing or a challenge all the way to present day when the first novel, CODE OF HONOR, takes place.

El Paso, far west Texas, a beautiful area of desert and Mountains, is the location of, Book Two, CODE OF CONSCIENCE. CODE OF JUSTICE, Book Three, is set in Dallas, back in North Central Texas, and Book Four, CODE OF LAW, may be in the lush land of The Hill Country.
 El Paso, Texas and the Franklin Mountains
                                                        Dallas, Texas, City Skyline

Two other areas of this great state range from the mountains of Big Bend, to the coast at Galveston. 
 Big Bend National Park

Galveston, Texas













My most recent stories, The Brides of Texas  Code Series, are also set in Texas. Book One, Katie and the Irish Texan and Book Two, Matelyn and the Texas Ranger are set in Dallas (1875) and Galveston (1877).





















Book Three, Angel and the Texan From County Cork, is set in Denison in North Central Texas close to the Texas Panhandle.


Blurb:
Jamey O'Donnell has reached a crossroads in his life. It's time to make his own way and stop living off the charity of others, specifically from his brother-in-law, Ian Benning. Off to find his new life, Jamey stops to help an old friend only to find out the friend has been killed. Can he help the widow restart her life and then walk away? Will he be able to ignore the newly awakened emotions she brings to the surface?



Angel Rivers buried her first husband on the trail after a short three month marriage. Now, one year later, her second husband, Will, has been shot and killed leaving her to fend for herself, to work a ranch with little to no knowledge. When the stranger shows up in her barn on the coldest day she's ever experienced, can she trust that he's her husband's friend and not a henchman sent by her neighbor? The same one she suspects of the killing? Will she embrace her bad luck in marriage and bury the feelings stirred by the stranger to live a life alone?


Anyway, you see what I mean about the choice of location. My stories could be located anywhere in our beautiful country. The details might change depending which area is chosen and that has the potential to redirect a storyline. My choice was logical for me and I hope resonates well with you the reader.
Thank you for visiting with Sweethearts of the West today. I hope you'll leave a comment to tell me your thoughts on this subject. Love hearing from you!

Monday, June 8, 2015

ERASTUS "DEAF" SMITH-TEXAS FOLK HERO

By Celia Yeary

The History Channel's portrayal of the Texas Revolution titled TEXAS RISING, does have many errors or misconceptions, but still, it's entertaining. The characters interest me more, though, than the actual inconsistences of the battles, skirmishes or landscape.
One particular character worthy of praise is the character Deaf Smith. His real name was Erastus "Deaf" Smith. This man was truly a hero, although very quiet. Since he was deaf, he didn't speak very much.
ERASTUS "DEAF" SMITH
Some called him Johnny-on-the-Spot.
Erastus Smith was born in Dutchess County, New York in 1787. In 1798, his family moved near Natchez, Mississippi. In 1821, at age 34, he moved on to Texas for health reasons. His health apparently recovered except for a partial loss of hearing, hence the nickname "Deaf" Smith, pronounced "Deef Smith."

PRESENT DAY
PRESIDIO SAN ANTONIO de BEXAR
A FORT ON THE BANKS OF THE SAN ANTONIO RIVER
In 1822, he married a Tejana, Guadalupe Ruiz Duran, a widow with three children. The couple also had four children together. Smith settled his family in Presidio San Antonio de Bexar where he became accepted as a member of the Tejano (Latino-Texan) community.

Smith, also known as "El Sordo," (the deaf man) appeared in many areas of Mexican Texas and was in most significant actions related to development of the region both under Mexico and during evolution of independence. At San Antonio de Bexar, he introduced a fine stock of Muley cattle from Louisiana to the Texas area, where the Longhorn breed was previously popular.

SAN JACINTO MONUMENT
IN HOUSTON, TEXAS
SITE OF THE LAST BATTLE
FOR INDEPENDENCE FROM
MEXICO, LED BY SAM HOUSTON
Erastus “Deaf” Smith, became an ace scout, soldier, spy, and hero of the Texas Revolution. He also commanded Sam Houston’s scouts at the Battle of San Jacinto. As a scout, he set up the Battle of Concepcion and the Grass Fight, and he brought the Widow Dickenson and her baby back to safety from the fallen Alamo. When Sam Houston wanted Vince’s Bridge destroyed, so that neither his Texans nor Santa Anna’s troops could escape the field of San Jacinto, he called on Deaf Smith. Smith also briefly captained a company of Texas Rangers after the War.

Erastus Smith died in November of 1837, when the Republic of Texas was barely a year old. Sadly, he lost his eyesight, too, before he died. Smith became a folk hero in Texas.

Deaf Smith County borders New Mexico in the far-flung Panhandle of Texas. The county is one of about fifty descendant counties from Bexar County in South Texas (San Antonio.)
 
TEXAS RISING:
ERASTUS "DEAF" SMITH
PLAYED BY ACTOR
JEFFREY DEAN MORGAN

SPECIAL NOTE: 
February 19 is Texas Statehood Day. On this day in 1846, the Lone Star Flag came down, and the government passed to the new state of Texas.


DEAF SMITH COUNTY CORN SALAD (from the County Fair)
In a saucepan, combine: ¾ cup vinegar, ¾ cup corn oil, ¾ cup sugar, 1 teaspoon salt, ½ teaspoon pepper. Bring to a boil—set aside to cool.

Prepare: 1 cup chopped green pepper, 1 cup chopped celery, ½ cup chopped green onions and tops. Place in a mixing bowl.

Drain: one 16-ounce can shoepeg corn, one 8-ounce can LaSeur peas, one 2-ounce jar diced pimentos.

Lightly mix the chopped and the drained vegetables. Pour the vinegar and oil mixture over vegetables and mix. Refrigerate several hours. The salad stays crisp for days.
(Disclaimer: Recipe from “Tastes and Tales of Texas,” but the same recipe can be found in numerous other cookbooks, and written on 3x5 recipe cards in many kitchens.)   
 
Celia Yeary-Romance...and a little bit 'o Texas
Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/author/celiayeary
My Website
My Blog
Sweethearts of the West-Blog
My Facebook Page 

Sources:
History Channel "Texas Rising" site
Wikipedia
Handbook of Texas On-Line
Wikimedia
Note: Original Post from February 2012-revised and re-edited

Thursday, June 4, 2015

AMERICA MOUNTS UP! THE REMOUNT SERVICE AND NEW SERIES





There are no words for how excited I am about a new series I have starting this month. These are stories from my heart and soul and I just adore every one of the people who inhabit these stories.  RIDIN’ FOR A FALL begins the A&G Original Brand series about the Allaway and Gowan families and their joint ranch in Big Horn, Wyoming.  The Allaways run cattle on their side of the ranch, while the Gowans focus on horse breeding like many of the Scottish immigrants who came to Sheridan County in the 1890s. A government program assisting many ranchers in this area of Wyoming was the program set up under the Remount Board.

Prior to the mechanized war beginning with World War II, armies depended on horses, mules, dogs, etc., to move the lines forward.  Governments relied on the breeders of such animals to supply their stock.  These animals were procured by the Quartermaster Department. The method of issuing contracts based on bids often led to the Army acquiring older horses or animals in poor physical condition.

In 1908, Congress authorized the Remount Service. This specialized service was charged with procuring, conditioning and providing initial training for horses before issuing them to units. Another function of the service was to supervise an Army horse breeding program designed to raise the quality of horses. 

During World War I, the scope of the program increased. The number of horses and mules skyrocketed to 571,000. Breeders such as Malcom Moncreiffe in Big Horn, Wyoming answered the call for horses. Moncreiffe ran one of the finest horse breeding operations in the world. He had already exported Wyoming-bred horses to the British cavalry and artillery; supplying over 20,000 horses during the Boer War.

As it did with the landscape of Europe and the human toll, World War I extracted a massive toll on the world’s horse population. Over 70,000 horses were killed serving as war horses. The horse population in the United States  was so depleted something had to be done. 

In 1919, the War Department created the Remount Board, and by 1921 the Remount Service acquired total responsibility for the horse breeding program from the Department of Agriculture. The board divided the country into seven geographical regions establishing Remount Depots in each. Sheridan, Wyoming was one of these depots.  Civilians contracted with the Army to breed horses.  Breeding farms and ranches were thoroughly inspected. To receive a stud a breeder needed 20 quality mares and little money. Breeders could sell the offspring to the Army or anyone else. The effort was meant to jump-start the American horse industry.  However, records indicate over 39,000 foals were purchased by the Army.

Due to the mechanization of war, horses were not utilized to such an extent during World War II. The Coast Guard procured over 3,000 horses in 1943, using them for beach patrols.  This lasted only a year and in 1944 the horses were returned to the Remount Depots.  Fourteen thousand mules were used to negotiate jungle and mountainous terrain.

However, by 1948, Remount Headquarters was closed and the Army transferred the program to the Department of Agriculture. The next year the program was liquidated.

For horse breeders in the Sheridan area, the Remount Service had a major effect on industry. Local breeders utilized studs leased from the government to supplement their programs increasing both quality and quantity of horses.

You will meet two families who benefit from the Remount Program, the Allaways and Gowans, in RIDIN’ FOR A FALL.  Kyle Allaway, of the A&G, is determined to build a horse breeding program to rival Malcolm Moncreiffe’s, but there’s many ways a man can fall before reaching his dreams. 

RIDIN’ is the beginning of two new series with Kyle and Lena standing as an anchor in each. For all the information first sign up for my newsletter at SPURS & DOG TAGS NEWSLETTER

If you would like a FREE peek at Kyle and Lena’s story you can download a TWO chapter,  uncorrected, preview at KIRSTEN LYNN STORE

Here’s the blurb.

He’s the All American Cowboy…
Kyle Allaway is riding tall as one-half of the greatest act in Frank Perry’s Wild West Show.  He’s his own man far from Big Horn, Wyoming and the family who betrayed him driving him from his fondest dream…well at least one of his dreams…

She’s the Sweetheart of the West…
Lena Gowan is barely holding onto the reins. Tired of constant travel, the applause of the crowd means nothing to her. She longs to return to the ranch co-owned by the Gowan and Allaway families.  To leave Kyle would mean walking away from her dearest friend and heart’s desire.

Together they’ve been a team since childhood…
When a surprise lands in Kyle’s arms, he’s forced to become two things he swore he’d never be… a father to a child born outside of marriage and Lena’s husband.  His world continues to tumble when he takes his new family to the one place he both loves and hates … the A&G Ranch.  As the world erupts in the Great War, the Allaways and Gowans face a battle years in the making. Kyle and Lena must hold tight to each other and fight internal questions and doubts and external forces seeking their destruction, or risk a fall that will knock them out of the saddle for good.

Sometimes the safest place to fall…is in love…  




Kirsten Lynn writes stories based on the people and history of the West, more specifically those who live and love in Wyoming and Montana. Using her MA in Naval History, Kirsten, weaves her love of the West and the military together in many of her stories, merging these two halves of her heart. When she's not roping, riding and rabble-rousing with the cowboys and cowgirls who reside in her endless imagination, Kirsten works as a professional historian.  http://www.kirstenlynnwildwest.com/
 



Timeless Fashion: The Cameo






When one thinks of jewelry that never goes out of style, you don’t have to look much further than the cameo. Dating back to Alexandria, Egypt in the 3rd Century BCE, the cameo's first carved reliefs were of important figures or those in mythological or biblical scenes.


Their popularity was rejuvenated in 5th Century Florence, Italy when the Medici family brought it back into fashion.  Even Napoleon took a shine to then and created a school in France for cameo carvers. 

By the time Victorian ladies wore them, the face of the cameos had changed as they wanted reliefs of women with more slender necks and pieces of jewelry adorned with diamonds that could be worn in various pieces such as hair combs.
There’s something classically beautiful about them and I even wrote a scene about one in my novel, HIS BROTHER’S WIFE. Grace, the heroine of the story, sells a very special cameo made from mother of pearl, to the town’s mercantile owner.  Read an excerpt of the scene below.






Grace set her reticule on the counter and reached inside, pulling the note she’d written her list on. She handed it to Mrs. Jenkins before venturing to the back of the store to look through the dresses. Nearly a half hour had gone by when Jesse came into the store. Grace was still looking at dresses when he stopped beside of her. “Have I been long?” she asked.
“No. I just got bored.”
“Oh. Well, I think Mrs. Jenkins may have the food stuff I wanted packed.”
Jesse looked at the dresses Grace had draped across her arm. “You ain't getting those, are ya?”
Grace looked at the dresses. They were plain, in flowered prints, Calico the sign said, but they were practical. She smiled and said, “Yes. Don’t you like them?”
“They’re all right. Your fancy ones are better though. Those will make you look like every other woman in town and you ain't. You’re purtier than all of ‘em put together.”
He blushed after giving her the compliment and turned without another word. Grace smiled and walked across the store to the counter. “Hello again," she said in greeting to Mrs. Jenkins. She set the things in her hand down. "I'd like to get these as well but I don’t like putting my personal purchases on the Samuels’ account. Would you be willing to trade?”
Mrs. Jenkins eyed Grace’s hat. “Depends.”
Grace smiled. “I have some very fine pieces of jewelry I would be willing to barter.”
Mrs. Jenkins tilted her head as if thinking. “We could use some nice stuff. The men folk are always looking for baubles to buy their wives.”
Grace would have to look through her jewelry when she got back to the ranch. She had no use for it now. There was no one to impress in Willow Creek, after all.
Seeing Mrs. Jenkins looking at her hat gave her another thought. “I have more than a few dresses I would be willing to trade as well. With hats to match, of course.”
The smile Mrs. Jenkins threw her would have brightened the room in the dead of night. “How many dresses?”
“I don’t know. I brought everything I own. I’ll go through them tonight and see what I’m willing to do without. In the meantime, what about these things? What would you take for them?”
Mrs. Jenkins looked Grace over again and smiled as her gaze snagged on the brooch at Grace’s bosom. “How ‘bout that?”
Grace lifted her hand and unpinned the brooch. It was a cameo, a gift from a suitor who had her father’s fortune dancing in his eyes. When he found out the money was gone, so was he.
The brooch was lovely but held no real sentimental value. Laying it on the counter, Grace smiled. “You have an excellent eye, Mrs. Jenkins. This is real mother of pearl and the gold is of very good quality. It would make a very fine piece for one of your customers.”
“It’s expensive then?”
“Oh yes. It was custom made by a jeweler in Boston.”
Mrs. Jenkins’ eyes lit up. She looked over the things Grace had laid on the counter. Four dresses, several pairs of socks and a pair of sturdy work boots. “I can give you all that and some store credit for it.”
Grace smiled. “It’s a trade, then. Thank you.”
“Pleasure was all mine.” Mrs. Jenkins grabbed the dresses, folded them and wrapped them in brown paper, along with the socks. She boxed the boots and placed everything on the counter. “You still going to bring the dresses by?”
“Oh, most certainly,” Grace said.
“Good. I’m sure the ladies in Willow Creek would love to get their hands on some fancy things that didn’t need to be ordered.”
“That would be wonderful. I’ll see what I have and bring them back to town for you.”



Grab your copy of HIS BROTHER'S WIFE, book 5 in the USA TODAY Bestselling Willow Creek Series!




His Brother's Wife
by Lily Graison
Book 5 in the Willow Creek Series
Historical Western Romance
Format: eBook
Length: Novel
Released: May 2013
When Grace Kingston accepts a wedding proposal through a mail-order bride agency and travels across country to be married, she has no idea her bridegroom is a fourteen-year-old boy. There’s no way she can accept his offer but with depleted funds, and winter coming on, Grace has little choice but to stay. Things go from bad to worse when she meets Jesse’s older brother, Rafe. The attraction is immediate. He’s surly, rude and downright pig-headed but he makes her pulse race with a single glance.
Rafe Samuels thought to teach his brother a lesson by making him take responsibility for his rash behavior but one look at Grace and his plans go up in smoke. She isn’t the dowdy spinster he imagined and having her live in his house and not be able to have her is the worst kind of torment. But putting her out of his mind is impossible.
As fall turns to winter, Grace finds that living with the two brothers isn’t as simple a thing as she once thought. Jesse still thinks marriage is in the cards, and Rafe is a devilishly handsome distraction she doesn’t need. She can’t decide if he hates her or wants to kiss her. And how does she avoid breaking Jess’s heart when it becomes clear that the attraction between her and Rafe is mutual?


BUY THE EBOOK FROM:

Amazon.Com US | UK | DE | FR | IT | ES | JP | IN | CA | BR
Barnes & Noble
Smashwords
Kobo
Apple iBook Store





About Lily Graison

USA TODAY  bestselling author Lily Graison writes historical western romances and dabbles in contemporary and paranormal romance. First published in 2005, Lily has written over a dozen romance novels that range from sweet to spicy.

She lives in Hickory, North Carolina with her husband, three high-strung Yorkies and more cats than she can count and is mother of two and grandmother of three. On occasion, she can be found at her sewing machine creating 1800’s period clothing or participating in civil war reenactments and area living history events. When not portraying a southern belle, you can find her at a nearby store feeding her obsession for all things resembling office supplies.

To see the dresses Lily has created, visit her Pinterest page.

Website | Facebook | Twitter | Goodreads | Pinterest | Google+ 
Wattpad | Instagram | Push Page


Tuesday, June 2, 2015

American River Inn

By Paisley Kirkpatrick
During the Gold Rush days of 1849, the American River Inn was situated in Georgetown, California. The hotel was constructed over a productive lode known as the Woodside Mine. Many pound-sized chunks of gold were found by the miners. It's been told that at one point as much as $90,000 was pulled from the earth within a two week period. Then, as if in retribution for the gold taken from its ground, the mine collapsed. Many of the hardworking men were trapped within its confines. It's believed that some are still buried under the American River Inn.
A gruff old miner haunts Room 5 at the inn. He abruptly makes his presence known on a whim, yet despite his disheveled appearance, he rarely has a frightening effect on the guests. He's of a tender nature, regardless of his hostile appearance. He loves three things -- honeymooners or happy lovers, Room 5 of the inn, and his long-dead girlfriend, for whom he is still pining.
A hearty soul, Oscar was a miner searching for fortune like thousands of others in this time of history. He was fearless in the rickety mine shafts and tapped off river channels. He had a perpetually romantic heart and foolishly gave it to a woman of the evening. As the tale goes, Oscar fell hard for a gold rush prostitute. He was well aware of her profession. In fact, that's how he met her. Many years her senior, he was smitten enough to dream of making her his wife.
When not searching for gold, he worked as a carpenter on this property so he could be near his lady love. History shows he was very jealous of her. A heckler, and former client of hers, constantly belittled her name. Words were spoken between the two men. A scuffle prevailed, and in the heated moments that followed, the aggressor shot Oscar dead on the steps of the American Hotel. His body died, but his spirit remained.
Many years later the inn was remodeled. The new owners found that Room 5 -- where Oscar's lady love lived -- was in very bad condition. The contractors who worked in the room said they were cold on a hot day. Something would brush past them, but nobody was there. Guests who stayed in that room admitted they actually had seen a ghost, but none of them were terrified of him even though he was gruff looking. He's a friendly ghost as he strolls through the rooms as if he belongs there.
A guest said that one night while they were snug in their bed, a dirty-looking miner type walked into their room, smiled at them, and left through the door. Oscar was known to always enter through the door that opens to the balcony and leaves through the door at the top of the stairs.
An interesting fact is that soon after Oscar's death a beautiful woman of the evening attired herself in her finest negligee and, with liquor in her hand, leaped to death off the balcony of the American Hotel.
The Incredible World of Gold Rush Ghosts by Nancy Bradley and Robert Reppert.