Showing posts with label WY. Show all posts
Showing posts with label WY. Show all posts

Monday, August 24, 2020

WYOMING'S LOVE OF LEARNING by Marisa Masterson

 

Last week, I started my newest novel--A Teacher for Christmas. Authors write about Christmas all year long. What seemed appropriate, though, was writing about school. August is the month when most children and teachers are thinking about the topic.

At the heart of this novel is a Wyoming town's desire to educate their children. In the past, I ran across research that indicated Wyoming, first the territory and then the state, placed a higher than normal emphasis on having a school in town so I began with that as my premise.

Here's the first few paragraphs from the story to show you what I mean:

Early November, 1889

Scrub Brush, Wyoming

 

“We need someone quickly!”

Voices rose, seconding that demand. Mayor Boswick Carter stood with his palms facing out, trying to calm the townspeople.

“Every last man here knows we don’t have money to go hirin’ a teacher. Not unless he’ll work for nickels and be willin’ to move from home to home each month.”

Then Boss—as he’d been nicknamed early on by his mother who hated the name her husband insisted on using--looked around the room. “That is, if y’all are willin’ to house him.”

Mutters and shrugs were his only response. From the back, a woman stood. A woman! Every one of those gentle critters knew to keep quiet in his meetings.

“Don’t have to be a him. Could be a woman teacher.”

The frustrated mayor sighed and returned to his seat. “Jack, control your woman.”

Jack Fuller rose to stand beside his wife, smoothing his sandy colored hair with a trembling hand. “Boss, this is my wife, not just some woman. And, she has a point.”

At his wife’s nudge, Jack added, “With the crops in, not too many months before the snow’ll keep us at home. We need a teacher to set the kids to lessons they can be doin’ all winter.”

 

Before Wyoming became a state, the legislature was forming an educational bill. Doctor Winthrop of Boston was hired to help the legislature plan out the educational bill. He was quoted as saying, "Wyoming can start at once an educational system that has taken Massachusetts and Wisconsin fifty years to formulate and perfect." (https://sites.rootsweb.com/~wytttp/history/bartlett/chapter27.htm)

To make that happen, Wyoming spent more money on each student than any other spot in the United States in 1870. Land was set aside for schools. A small part of the school's land grant was sold, providing the funding for the school startup. First agricultural leases and then oil leases also helped to pay for schools in the state. Wherever a stable population of settlers made a town, a school was quick to follow--even if this didn't always mean a school house. Most of us must remember Laura Ingles going to school in the church, I imagine.

Teachers attended a week of instruction at the Territorial Teachers Institute each year. This too shows the state's desire for good education. Instructors learned the latest methods there. By 1873, the state made sure to get some of the latest textbooks and readers to those teachers, also. That year, the legislature also made it a law that children ages 7-16 had to attend at least three months of school each year. They could be sure that many parents were teaching their children at home during the other months, I expect. With winters and the agricultural economy of Wyoming, that was the most they could demand the kids attend at that time.



 Wherever a stable population of settlers established a town, a school was quick to follow--even if this didn't always mean a school house at first. Most of us must remember Laura Ingles going to school in the church, I imagine.


Thursday, June 4, 2015

AMERICA MOUNTS UP! THE REMOUNT SERVICE AND NEW SERIES





There are no words for how excited I am about a new series I have starting this month. These are stories from my heart and soul and I just adore every one of the people who inhabit these stories.  RIDIN’ FOR A FALL begins the A&G Original Brand series about the Allaway and Gowan families and their joint ranch in Big Horn, Wyoming.  The Allaways run cattle on their side of the ranch, while the Gowans focus on horse breeding like many of the Scottish immigrants who came to Sheridan County in the 1890s. A government program assisting many ranchers in this area of Wyoming was the program set up under the Remount Board.

Prior to the mechanized war beginning with World War II, armies depended on horses, mules, dogs, etc., to move the lines forward.  Governments relied on the breeders of such animals to supply their stock.  These animals were procured by the Quartermaster Department. The method of issuing contracts based on bids often led to the Army acquiring older horses or animals in poor physical condition.

In 1908, Congress authorized the Remount Service. This specialized service was charged with procuring, conditioning and providing initial training for horses before issuing them to units. Another function of the service was to supervise an Army horse breeding program designed to raise the quality of horses. 

During World War I, the scope of the program increased. The number of horses and mules skyrocketed to 571,000. Breeders such as Malcom Moncreiffe in Big Horn, Wyoming answered the call for horses. Moncreiffe ran one of the finest horse breeding operations in the world. He had already exported Wyoming-bred horses to the British cavalry and artillery; supplying over 20,000 horses during the Boer War.

As it did with the landscape of Europe and the human toll, World War I extracted a massive toll on the world’s horse population. Over 70,000 horses were killed serving as war horses. The horse population in the United States  was so depleted something had to be done. 

In 1919, the War Department created the Remount Board, and by 1921 the Remount Service acquired total responsibility for the horse breeding program from the Department of Agriculture. The board divided the country into seven geographical regions establishing Remount Depots in each. Sheridan, Wyoming was one of these depots.  Civilians contracted with the Army to breed horses.  Breeding farms and ranches were thoroughly inspected. To receive a stud a breeder needed 20 quality mares and little money. Breeders could sell the offspring to the Army or anyone else. The effort was meant to jump-start the American horse industry.  However, records indicate over 39,000 foals were purchased by the Army.

Due to the mechanization of war, horses were not utilized to such an extent during World War II. The Coast Guard procured over 3,000 horses in 1943, using them for beach patrols.  This lasted only a year and in 1944 the horses were returned to the Remount Depots.  Fourteen thousand mules were used to negotiate jungle and mountainous terrain.

However, by 1948, Remount Headquarters was closed and the Army transferred the program to the Department of Agriculture. The next year the program was liquidated.

For horse breeders in the Sheridan area, the Remount Service had a major effect on industry. Local breeders utilized studs leased from the government to supplement their programs increasing both quality and quantity of horses.

You will meet two families who benefit from the Remount Program, the Allaways and Gowans, in RIDIN’ FOR A FALL.  Kyle Allaway, of the A&G, is determined to build a horse breeding program to rival Malcolm Moncreiffe’s, but there’s many ways a man can fall before reaching his dreams. 

RIDIN’ is the beginning of two new series with Kyle and Lena standing as an anchor in each. For all the information first sign up for my newsletter at SPURS & DOG TAGS NEWSLETTER

If you would like a FREE peek at Kyle and Lena’s story you can download a TWO chapter,  uncorrected, preview at KIRSTEN LYNN STORE

Here’s the blurb.

He’s the All American Cowboy…
Kyle Allaway is riding tall as one-half of the greatest act in Frank Perry’s Wild West Show.  He’s his own man far from Big Horn, Wyoming and the family who betrayed him driving him from his fondest dream…well at least one of his dreams…

She’s the Sweetheart of the West…
Lena Gowan is barely holding onto the reins. Tired of constant travel, the applause of the crowd means nothing to her. She longs to return to the ranch co-owned by the Gowan and Allaway families.  To leave Kyle would mean walking away from her dearest friend and heart’s desire.

Together they’ve been a team since childhood…
When a surprise lands in Kyle’s arms, he’s forced to become two things he swore he’d never be… a father to a child born outside of marriage and Lena’s husband.  His world continues to tumble when he takes his new family to the one place he both loves and hates … the A&G Ranch.  As the world erupts in the Great War, the Allaways and Gowans face a battle years in the making. Kyle and Lena must hold tight to each other and fight internal questions and doubts and external forces seeking their destruction, or risk a fall that will knock them out of the saddle for good.

Sometimes the safest place to fall…is in love…  




Kirsten Lynn writes stories based on the people and history of the West, more specifically those who live and love in Wyoming and Montana. Using her MA in Naval History, Kirsten, weaves her love of the West and the military together in many of her stories, merging these two halves of her heart. When she's not roping, riding and rabble-rousing with the cowboys and cowgirls who reside in her endless imagination, Kirsten works as a professional historian.  http://www.kirstenlynnwildwest.com/