By Kathy Otten
This short article is Part Two of last month’s blog, Gunmen and Peacemakers. It comes from information I accumulated for my newest work-in-progress.
In my new WIP novel my hero carries a brand new 1873 Colt Single Action Army revolver. At one point the heroine tries to shoot someone with it, but when she pulls the trigger nothing happens. In order to write this teensy part of the scene I needed to learn how to load and fire this gun.
The term single-action simply means that there was only one way to fire the gun, by first cocking the hammer then pulling the trigger. Cocking the hammer was done with the second joint of the thumb and not the ball of the thumb. Because my heroine knows nothing about guns, she doesn’t cock the hammer and the Colt does not fire.
I remember being a kid and hearing John Wayne say in one of his movies that only five cartridges were loaded in a six shooter. This is because the firing pin, (the pointed part on the inside of the hammer which strikes the bullet’s primer), rests very close to the chamber beneath the hammer. A fall from a horse or a sharp blow or bump would cause that firing pin to strike the primer and the gun would go off.
Which is also why your hero would probably have the outlaw set his gun down carefully, not toss it out a window or throw it on the ground. Nor would he nail wanted posters to a tree with the butt of his gun. The villain probably wouldn’t pistol whip anyone. To do either the gun would have to be held by the barrel, which wouldn’t be too smart if a sharp blow caused it to fire.
To properly load the five cartridges, the hammer was pulled back to the half-cock position. This freed the cylinder so it could rotate. With the thumb, the loading gate was flipped open. This was located behind the cylinder on the right side of the revolver.
One chamber was visible, and the bullet was gently pushed in. Then the cylinder was rotated clockwise to reveal the next chamber. This chamber was skipped and the cylinder rotated. The next four bullets were loaded. So it went, one--skip one--one, two, three, four. This way when the hammer was de-cocked it rested on the empty chamber.
To fire the Colt, the hammer was fully cocked, which tightened the springs inside and rotated the cylinder to a loaded chamber. When the trigger was pulled, a spring released the hammer. The hammer slammed the firing pin into the primer at the back of the cartridge. The primer detonated, igniting the gun powder inside the cartridge and propelled the bullet out of the barrel.
A misfire could occur if the primer was defective. If a bullet was old or stored where there was dampness, moisture or corrosion could foul the powder, making it unable to burn and go off.
If a misfire occurred, it was best to wait sixty seconds with the barrel pointed in a safe direction in case there was a delayed firing. This was known as a hang fire.
If nothing happened, then the round could be ejected.
To unload the gun, the hammer was again pulled to half-cock and the loading gate opened. The barrel was pointed up. Unfired bullets dropped out by their own weight. Empty cartridges need to be pushed using the spring-loaded ejection rod. This was found under the barrel and was pushed into one chamber at a time, as the cylinder was rotated.
Despite inside mechanisms that were easily damaged, the Colt’s one advantage was that it could still be made to shoot. If the hammer notches broke, the shooter could thumb his shots. If the pawl (ratchet) or springs which rotate the cylinder broke, the cylinder could be rotated by hand. And if the mainspring broke, it was possible to pound the hammer with a rock.
Though I now have way more information on Colt’s Single Action Army revolver than I’ll ever need for my story, it was fun finding it. And hopefully I’ve passed along some tidbit you might find useful for one of your stories.
This short article is Part Two of last month’s blog, Gunmen and Peacemakers. It comes from information I accumulated for my newest work-in-progress.
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| Movie hero John Wayne |
The term single-action simply means that there was only one way to fire the gun, by first cocking the hammer then pulling the trigger. Cocking the hammer was done with the second joint of the thumb and not the ball of the thumb. Because my heroine knows nothing about guns, she doesn’t cock the hammer and the Colt does not fire.
 |
| Colt Single Action |
Which is also why your hero would probably have the outlaw set his gun down carefully, not toss it out a window or throw it on the ground. Nor would he nail wanted posters to a tree with the butt of his gun. The villain probably wouldn’t pistol whip anyone. To do either the gun would have to be held by the barrel, which wouldn’t be too smart if a sharp blow caused it to fire.
To properly load the five cartridges, the hammer was pulled back to the half-cock position. This freed the cylinder so it could rotate. With the thumb, the loading gate was flipped open. This was located behind the cylinder on the right side of the revolver.
One chamber was visible, and the bullet was gently pushed in. Then the cylinder was rotated clockwise to reveal the next chamber. This chamber was skipped and the cylinder rotated. The next four bullets were loaded. So it went, one--skip one--one, two, three, four. This way when the hammer was de-cocked it rested on the empty chamber.
To fire the Colt, the hammer was fully cocked, which tightened the springs inside and rotated the cylinder to a loaded chamber. When the trigger was pulled, a spring released the hammer. The hammer slammed the firing pin into the primer at the back of the cartridge. The primer detonated, igniting the gun powder inside the cartridge and propelled the bullet out of the barrel.
A misfire could occur if the primer was defective. If a bullet was old or stored where there was dampness, moisture or corrosion could foul the powder, making it unable to burn and go off.
If a misfire occurred, it was best to wait sixty seconds with the barrel pointed in a safe direction in case there was a delayed firing. This was known as a hang fire.
If nothing happened, then the round could be ejected.
To unload the gun, the hammer was again pulled to half-cock and the loading gate opened. The barrel was pointed up. Unfired bullets dropped out by their own weight. Empty cartridges need to be pushed using the spring-loaded ejection rod. This was found under the barrel and was pushed into one chamber at a time, as the cylinder was rotated.
 |
| Colt Single Action Army |
Though I now have way more information on Colt’s Single Action Army revolver than I’ll ever need for my story, it was fun finding it. And hopefully I’ve passed along some tidbit you might find useful for one of your stories.
