Enamelware was a popular cookware in the 1800s because it
was light, more durable than porcelain, and easy to clean.
Enamelware began to appear in the 1760s in Germany. It was
conventional cookware lined with enamel and touted to be safer for cooking, as
it supposedly prevented arsenic and lead from leaking into cooking. Some critics still complained of enamelware
leaching tastes or elements into the food. In 1850 enamelware came to America via the
Stuart and Peterson foundry in Philadelphia. This cookware was very basic as
opposed to the many patterns and colors that would later be introduced into the
United States.
This new enamelware was soon met with enthusiasm, but this soon waned.
Ten years ago the porcelain-lined
kettles were considered a great invention for boiling substances that required
particular care, and many a thrifty housekeeper has congratulated herself on
the possession of one, and then grieved herself sick almost to find it burned
black in a few days, through the carelessness of servants, and just as liable
to spoil her delicacies as an ordinary tin saucepan.
Lady's Home Magazine, Philadelphia, 1857
Lady's Home Magazine, Philadelphia, 1857
Two companies founded by immigrants brought more enamelware to
the United States in the 1860s with some improvements. The first one was
Lalance and Grojsean, an importer of sheet metal and metal home goods. They set
up a manufacturing company in New York and produced agateware, usually blue in
color.
The
best-known brands, especially the granite and agate ware names, held onto a
strong position into the 20th century. They sold for higher prices. In 1899 Lalance
and Grosjean’s “Agate nickel-steel ware”
was much more expensive than Haberman’s “grey mottled enameled ware” L&G's 2 quart lipped saucepan cost 18¢ ;
Haberman's was 7¢. Meanwhile, Sears had a set of 17 pieces of "Peerless
gray enamel ware" selling for about $2.70. (http://www.oldandinteresting.com/enamelware-history.aspx)
Each item included a certificate assuring the buyer that it
was arsenic and lead free.
The early enamelware was white. Most enamelware has a white
lining even if the outerware has another color of pattern. Then white
enamelware items acquired a blue or red rim. In the 1860s,
the Niedringhaus brothers took the science
of enameling a step further and developed what became known as graniteware.
While the enamel was still wet, they applied a thin piece of paper with an oxidized pattern
on it. Once the piece dried, the paper fell away, leaving a design with the appearance of
granite — hence, graniteware. (https://georgetowner.com/articles/2015/09/02/graniteware-marbled-mottled-or-plain/)
The term later became used to mean any speckled white and
gray enamelware.
Speckled,
swirled, mottled and solid, graniteware came in a variety of colors: red, blue, purple, brown, green, pink, gray and
white. As the years passed, each period had its own style and color. One of the most
popular patterns, even with today’s collectors, was called “end of the day.”
Whatever colors were left over at the end of the day were mixed together to make a very
unusual and unique color.
(https://georgetowner.com/articles/2015/09/02/graniteware-marbled-mottled-or-plain/)
In the 1930s new materials, such as Pyrex, aluminum, and
plastic rendered the enamelware less popular. The metal drives of World War II
saw many of the surviving pieces melted down and donated to the cause. Today enamelware
is popular among collectors and ranges from quite reasonably priced to very
expensive, depending on the type of cookware item.
Do you have any enamelware in your kitchen?
Sources:
The only enamelware I have is a large roaster that belonged to one of my Grand mothers. It is dark blue with white on it. Who knew it could be worth money? It isn't worth enough for me to sell it, though.
ReplyDeleteIt's nice that you have that memento of your grandmother. Save it! Thanks for oommenting.
DeleteI had no idea enamelware ever came in so many colors. When I was small my mom used the white with a red stripe around the rim. She acquired heavier cookware when I was about five.
ReplyDeleteI'd like to see some of the other colors in person. I've only seen pictures. The pink ones look neat. Thanks for commenting.
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